The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) utilizes Paint an orchestrated enzymatic cascade of E1, E2, and E3 ligases to add single or multiple ubiquitin-like molecules as post-translational modification (PTM) to proteins.Ubiquitination can alter protein functions and/or mark ubiquitinated proteins for proteasomal degradation but deubiquitinases (DUBs)

Introduction and purpose Infectious keratitis represents the leading cause of corneal blindness worldwide, particularly in developing countries.Both risk factors and etiological patterns vary between economically developed and developing regions, with bacterial predominance in the former and fungal predominance in the latter.This review aims to pro